La Fusée de Shitamachi
(Shitamachi Rocket)
d’Ikeido Jun
traduction de Patrick Honnoré
Shogakukan, 2010
Books Editions, novembre 2012
L’histoire :
Tsukuda Kohei, un ingénieur en astronautique appelé à un brillant avenir, subit un cuisant échec en supervisant le test moteur de la nouvelle fusée de la JAXA, l’Agence spatiale Japonaise. Il démissionne, et retourne à la PME familiale de fabrication de pièces détachées pour moteurs et machine-outils. Des années plus tard, sa société compte 200 salariés, et fabrique des moteurs compacts de haute précision, reconnus pour leur qualité. A tel point que Tsukuda, en secret, a confié à son équipe de recherche et de développement la mise au point d’un procédé original pour améliorer les performances des lanceurs spatiaux…
Mais avec la crise, Tsukuda perd quelques clients, tandis qu’un gros concurrent lui intente un procès en contrefaçon de brevet… Les ennuis s’accumulent, et il perd la confiance de son banquier qui lui refuse un prêt, sauf s’il supprime le budget recherche et développement… Bien entendu, c’est pile à ce moment qu’un géant du secteur, le constructeur des moteurs-fusée pour la Jaxa, tente de mettre la PME à genoux, pour récupérer sa technologie à moindre coût…
Ce que j’en pense :
Brevets technologiques, procédés pour moteurs, résultats d’exploitation, réunions de cadres, audits de faisabilité, fraisage et usinage de pièces mécaniques, procédures juridiques… Est-il possible de passionner le lecteur avec des sujets pareils? Et bien oui! Le récit d’entreprise est au Japon un genre populaire en soi, qui existe en littérature comme dans le manga. Pourtant, malgré le succès et la longévité d’un Salaryman Kintaro, il ne faut pas s’attendre à voir de tels titres traduits un jour en France. Dans ce contexte, la parution française récente (novembre 2012) de la Fusée de Shitamachi, d’Ikeido Jun, est une aubaine à ne pas louper. C’est un jeune éditeur dont je n’ai pas encore parlé ici, Books Editions, qui nous le propose avec – s’il-vous-plaît – une traduction de Patrick Honnoré (mais j’y reviendrai dans une prochaine chronique, et aussi dans le Journal Du Japon, car Books fait coup double en littérature japonaise, avec la parution de Sayonara Gangsters de Genichiro Takahashi en mars dernier).
Autre particularité, ce roman a remporté le prix Naoki 2011, ce qui le désigne officiellement comme le meilleur roman populaire de l’année. Le prix Naoki est en effet réservé à la littérature grand public, et est le pendant du prestigieux Prix Akutagawa, qui distingue des œuvres de littérature plus recherchée. Parmi les livres qui ont remporté cette distinction, on trouve des romans de tous les genres, réalistes, de science-fiction, policiers – comme l’excellent Dévouement du suspect X, de Keigo Higashino, dont j’ai parlé ici récemment. Le roman d’entreprise est à la croisée des genres, à la fois thriller (le suspense croît autour du sort de la PME, au point que j’en tournais les pages à toute vitesse), étude de mœurs (une galerie de portraits au vitriol de salarymen , un peu archétypaux, quoique bien campés), et roman d’initiation (surtout pour le lecteur français, qui plonge dans l’univers impénétrable de l’entreprise japonaise). L’exotisme du sujet (l’astronautique, l’entreprise nippone…) l’emporte sur quelques facilités d’écriture (à dire vrai, certains rebondissements sont un peu téléphonés) et je me suis surpris à penser, à plusieurs reprises, que ce roman ferait un excellent manga – Ikeido Jun (à gauche) possède un don que je ne saurais expliquer, pour dépeindre le visage et les mimiques de chacun de ses nombreux personnages, comme s’ils étaient dessinés.
Certes, j’ai souri de l’aspect manichéen de l’intrigue, David contre Goliath, avec d’un côté la petite PME à taille humaine, combattive et innovante, envers qui ira tout de suite la sympathie du lecteur, et de l’autre la grosse multinationale aux cadres agressifs, fats et méprisants, qui met en œuvre les moyens les plus inavouables pour arriver à ses fins. A noter que Shitamachi est l’ancien nom de la « basse-ville » de Tokyo, correspondant entre autres à l’actuel arrondissement de Taitô, qui contient le disctrict d’Akihabara aux nombreuses PME informatiques. L’appellation remonte à Edo, mais aujourd’hui encore, quand on parle de Shitamachi, c’est pour évoquer un Tokyo des petites gens, par opposition à Yamanote, où se trouvait le palais du Shogun. Le titre du roman est donc ironique, l’équivalent français de la Fusée de Shitamachi pourrait être la Fusée de Belleville.
Je me suis également amusé en relevant un patriotisme bon enfant (en astronautique, les méchants, ce sont les étrangers, surtout les Français, qui imposent aux Japonais des restrictions à l’exportation de pièces de technologie – vilaine EADS!). Mais tout cela fait du bien à lire, quand on sait notamment que le livre a été écrit juste avant le Tsunami, et que le Japon n’a en ce moment pas beaucoup d’occasions de rigoler avec ses entreprises technologiques (la Tepco, tout ça…). De fait, la Fusée de Shitamachi a remporté un solide succès au Japon (plusieurs centaines de milliers d’exemplaires), a été adapté en drama pour la télévision (voir jaquette DVD ci-contre), etc. Bref, loin de toute prétention à la grande littérature, cette Fusée est un OVNI (si j’ose dire) qui ajoute l’efficacité de la narration à l’originalité du sujet – deux qualités que je retrouve généralement aussi dans les mangas, et qui me les font aimer.
(Je remercie les Editions Books pour m’avoir remis la Fusée de Shitamachi en SP.)
Pingback: Une semaine de livres | Les chroniques d'un newbie
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