L’enfer d’un mangaka (encore!) : Dans la Prison

Dans la Prison
de Kazuichi Hanawa

(2000, France : 2005, Ego Comme X)

Après le sans domicile fixe et le dépressif, je poursuis (sans le faire exprès) dans la même veine, avec cette fois le mangaka taulard. Dans la Prison est l’histoire autobiographique de Kazuichi Hanawa, auteur reconnu du style eroguro, flirtant avec l’horreur et le bizarre. En 1994, il est arrêté pour détention illégale d’armes et condamné à trois ans ferme. Bigre, on en plaisante pas avec la légalité au Japon. Trois ans qu’il effectuera intégralement, sans remise de peine, malgré sa bonne conduite. En bon mangaka qu’il est, il en fait, évidemment… un livre. Il se vend bien et donne lieu à une adaptation cinématographique, qui remporte plusieurs prix au Japon.

Ce livre est à la fois déroutant et impressionnant. Parfois ennuyeux. Et parfois amusant.

Déroutant : Dans la Prison raconte la vie quotidienne des détenus dans une maison d’arrêt ordinaire, au Japon. Ni plus, ni moins. Pas de question morale sur qui a fait quoi et pourquoi il est là. Pas d’histoire fumeuse de plan d’évasion, pas de violence, pas de plainte ni de réflexion sur la condition de détenu. Ce n’est ni Prison Break, ni l’Evadé d’Alcatraz. C’est un compte-rendu détaillé, précis et carrément documentaire sur les trois années vécues derrière les barreaux. De ce point de vue, c’est une absolue réussite : rien ne nous est épargné, du réveil au coucher, en passant par les repas, la toilette, le caca et le pipi, le règlement, les punitions, les récompenses, et même l’organisation économique de la prison. Mais c’est particulièrement étonnant de lire, dans la bouche du narrateur ou de ses co-détenus, l’apparente satisfaction d’être si « bien traités », d’avoir une vie organisée, des repas assurés, la sécurité prodiguée par les gardiens, etc. A croire que c’est une sorte de communauté comme une autre, pas si difficile à vivre, et dont les contraintes sont acceptables au regard des avantages…

Impressionnant : de page en page, Kazuichi Hazawa décrit chaque détail avec un dessin d’une incroyable précision, et le souci de ne rien oublier. Les lieux sont décrits comme dans un manuel technique, avec légendes, explications, points de reglement, chaque geste est documenté. C’est limite maniaque, et un peu sec. C’est là que parfois ça devient un peu rasoir.

Heureusement, l’humour, souvent ironique, voire carrément noir, affleure dans certaines scènes. Par exemple, la description des repas (on a une double page dont chaque case décrit un plateau repas différent) renvoie à la gloutonnerie du narrateur, qui se dessine lui-même en cochon qu’en engraisse. Ou alors, l’absurdité de certains règlements, comme celui de devoir toujours demander l’autorisation d’aller aux toilettes, en levant le doigt et en criant « s’il-vous-plaît », entraînant un choeur de « s’il vous plaît » ridicules et hystériques.

Dans la Prison m’a donc laissé une impression mitigée : j’admire le dessin et l’aspect documentaire, mais je suis troublé par l’absence de révolte personnelle ou de remise en question d’une situation décrite comme normale. J’aurais aussi souhaité en savoir plus sur les détenus, leur passé, leurs pensées. Mais à trop les décrire dans des gestes banals et quotidiens, les individus semblent tous réduits à leurs fonctions organiques, y compris le narrateur. Ce qui ne le rend pas très sympathique. Et j’ai l’impression que c’est une manière pour lui d’éluder toutes les questions qui dérangent. La prison, ce n’est quand même pas qu’une colo pour adultes, surtout au Japon, avec ses règlements humiliants, ou alors je n’ai rien compris?

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122 Responses to L’enfer d’un mangaka (encore!) : Dans la Prison

  1. le gritche says:

    J’ai l’impression que tu es largement passé à côté….bon, pas de l’oeuvre parce que ce serait méchant de juger le ressenti d’une personne à la sensibilité raffinée. Mais tu es passé à côté de tout ce qui m’a plu. Déjà il apparait vite évident que le système pénitencier japonais tel qu’il nous est présenté (avec des condamnés pour crimes légers semble-t-il) se bâtit sur des rituels omniprésents où tout est prévu, consigné, pesé, chronométré et c’est redoutablement efficace: on détruit toute velléité de révolte chez l’individu en l’abrutissant d’interdits minuscules. Les passages sur la nourriture sont savoureux dans leur exhaustivité mais génèrent une nette inquiétude chez le lecteur qui est amené à comprendre grâce au processus naturaliste du mangaka comment l’on tombe dans ce cercle vicieux d’attente, de satisfaction, de récompense.

    Tout ce système est redoutablement insidieux, et plutôt que de mettre des mots dessus, l’auteur a rempli son oeuvre de tout ce qui a représenté son quotidien, pièce par pièce, sans compter les discussions anticipées, les secrets gardés en réserve, et la solitude, malgré la promiscuité avec tous les autres détenus. La façon de raconter analytique et avec cette impression de neutralité profonde (je ne parle qu’en fonction de mes souvenirs) me semble être également l’echos de la personnalité de Hanawa une fois son séjour terminé. C’est à la fois une approche de la narration calculée et une façon de montrer la profondeur du quotidien d’un détenu. On est amené à comprendre que la vie et les délits de chacun ne doivent être guère intéressants ni leur pensée d’une haute philosophie. Pour autant, il doit surement exister d’autres types d’incarcérations pour les crimes plus graves (?)

    Dans la prison n’est pas très facile mais j’ai trouvé son approche originale et fascinante, une franche réussite. J’avais essayé de lire « avant la prison » où il raconte notamment la façon dont il a trouvé une arme et l’a réparé (son délit), avec un luxe de détail éreintant pour le néophyte, mais le tome n’est que très peu autobiographique et m’a fatigué…

    Je vais lire « journal d’une disparition » !

    • Mackie says:

      Tu as peut-être raison… Je reconnais que je n’ai pas ressenti de sympathie (de compassion) pour Hanawa, du fait même que sa description de la vie carcérale était si normalisée, si bien décrite comme un univers acceptable, et qu’il donne l’impression de s’en accomoder comme d’un séjour à l’hôtel, ça m’a énervé. Or, il est vrai, la description laisse entrevoir l’aspect inhumain, médiéval, du règlement de la vie en prison au Japon aujourd’hui. Mais l’absence de révolte contre ce système d’un autre âge m’a gêné, comme si il était admis dès le départ que tout déliquant devait se plier naturellement à un tel régime. Pourtant, le délit de l’auteur, la détention d’armes, ne justifiait probablement pas la sévérité de la peine qu’il a dû subir.

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