Lady Snowblood

Lady Snowblood (Shurayuki-hime)
de Kazuo Koike et Kazuo Kamimura
1972-1973 – France : 2007, Kana Sensei

L’histoire :
Japon, début de l’ère Meiji. Lady Snowblood Oyuki est une tueuse à gages. Nul ne sait son vrai nom, d’où elle vient, quelle est son histoire. Mais dans le milieu, les initiés savent qu’elle est implacable, et imbattable à l’arme blanche. Et qu’elle n’échoue jamais. Aussi belle qu’intelligente, elle use de tous les moyens pour manipuler ses victimes et parvenir à ses fins. Parallèlement à ses contrats, elle poursuit en réalité un but connu d’elle seule : accomplir la vengeance, pour laquelle elle est née.

Vingt ans plus tôt, sa mère était emprisonnée à vie, pour avoir tué un homme qui venait de la violer, et qui avait assassiné son mari et son fils avec l’aide de complices. En prison, elle mit au monde une fille, Oyuki, et avant de rendre son dernier souffle, elle fit promettre aux autres co-détenues de l’élever dans la haine des hommes responsables de son malheur. Ainsi naquit Oyuki, Lady Snowblood.

Ce que j’en pense :
Quand je l’ai découvert, en 2008, Lady Snowblood fut un véritable choc. J’étais encore plus newbie qu’aujourd’hui, et je ne connaissais rien au style gekiga, ce style de manga adulte typique des années 60-70, dont les représentants furent Hiroshi Hirata, Yoshiharu Tsuge, Tatsuhiko Yamagami, et, donc, Kazuo Koike et Kazuo Kamimura.

Jamais je n’avais soupçonné que le manga pouvait prendre cette forme, celle d’un récit aussi adulte, dont la violence et l’érotisme ne sont pas vulgaires, et dont le dessin comme le scénario tendent vers une perfection esthétique de tous les instants. Car Lady Snowblood est un authentique chef d’oeuvre, que ce soit le récit, passionnant, ou le dessin, sublime. J’étais partagé entre, d’une part, l’envie de tourner les pages à toute vitesse, pour connaître le fin mot de l’intrigue, et d’autre part, l’envie de contempler chaque planche avec lenteur, comme pour m’en imprégner.

Certes, le scénariste, Kazuo Koike, est un maître reconnu (je n’en savais rien) pour au moins deux de ses nombreuses histoires, Lone Wolf and Cub, et Crying Freeman ; mais c’est vraiment le trait de Kazuo Kamimura qui a pour moi été une authentique révélation.

J’y ai reconnu, sans m’en rendre compte immédiatement, le style du Ukiyo-e, les « images d’un monde flottant », notamment du maître Utamaro, mais aussi de Hokusai, qui porta le style à son apogée (comme à son chant du cygne). Ce style est particulièrement reconnaissable dans les portraits de la belle Lady Snowblood, dont la beauté froide et délicate semble tout droit sortie d’une estampe de l’ancien temps. Il est aussi visible dans les paysages, à la fois précis et stylisés, dans des cadrages d’une rare sophistication (cf. le paysage à gauche).

Les scènes sont souvent d’une grande violence, ou d’un érotisme torride, parfois les deux en même temps, mais ne basculent jamais dans la vulgarité, ni gore ni hentai. Au contraire, si ça tranche, si ça saigne, si ça gicle, c’est toujours avec un incroyable raffinement du trait, qui rend les scènes aussi belles qu’oniriques. Alors, bien sûr, il y aurait beaucoup à dire sur la gratuité apparente de telles scènes, d’autant que l’immoralité de l’héroïne n’est pas faite pour rassurer. Mais curieusement, grâce à ce dessin qui bascule au-delà du réalisme, ces scènes ne m’ont pas choqué (pourtant je suis un peu « petite nature »), et s’enchaînent de chapitre en chapitre comme une véritable saga, qui s’apparente au cinéma de sabre classique, et aux films de Kurosawa, bien entendu.

L’intrigue va cependant au-delà de ce déferlement de sang et de larmes : Koike dépeint un Japon en pleine ébullition, au début de l’ère Meiji, lorsque le pays s’éveille à la modernité et s’ouvre à l’occident (certains chapitres abordent même le contexte politique et diplomatique de cette époque). Les campagnes vivent mal la levée de l’impôt du sang, cette conscription forcée destinée à faire du Japon une nation militarisée et prête à défendre les ambitions de ses dirigeants. L’influence américaine y est décrite avec ironie, ce qui renvoie immédiatement au contexte politique des années 1970, lors de la parution de Lady Snowblood : scandales politiques, répression policière des révoltes étudiantes, instabilité en orient (Viet-Nam)… Ces thèmes ne sont pas abordés de façon aussi explicite que dans Les Vents de la Colère, et il serait exagéré de dire que Lady Snowblood est une oeuvre contestataire ; néanmoins elle décrit en arrière-plan certaines des contradictions de la société japonaise.

Le succès de la parution française de Lady Snowblood a conduit à la réédition d’autres oeuvres des auteurs, et surtout de Kamimura (Koike était déjà connu), comme Folles Passions, et Lorsque Nous Vivions Ensemble.

C’est en partie grâce à Lady Snowblood que je suis tombé dans le tonneau sans fond du manga. Je n’ai pas fini d’y boire, et il n’y aura pas de druide pour m’interdire de continuer, sous prétexte que « non, pas toi, tu es tombé dans la marmite quand tu avais quarante ans« .

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132 Responses to Lady Snowblood

  1. Méta says:

    J’ai pas fini ce manga mais il m’avait assez plu quand je l’avais commencé. par contre, le dessin m’avait un peu refroidi toutefois (vraiment trop old school pour le coup) mais est-ce vraiment si important? ;)

    • Mackie says:

      Old school, si tu veux, mais oui, ce n’est pas si important… En tous cas, pas pour moi. D’ailleurs, le dessin de Kamimura s’inspire ouvertement du Ukiyo-e, le style en vigueur chez les peintres du 16ème siècle jusqu’au 19ème siècle… Alors, oui, c’est très old-school, mais c’est ce qui fait sa singularité… Par-contre, le découpage est très dynamique, les planches sont parfois d’une incroyable virtuosité (plans obliques, changements de points de vue, champ-contrechamp…). C’est du gekiga, il ne faut pas le comparer au trait d’aujourd’hui, mais je le trouve quand même très novateur.

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